What are the official methods of moisture content determination

Moisture content determination is a crucial aspect of characterizing nanoscale materials, influencing their properties and behavior. Various standardized methods are employed to accurately measure moisture content in nanosized materials.

1. Gravimetric Analysis

• Involves weighing a sample before and after drying it at a specific temperature and for a specified duration.
• The moisture content is calculated as the mass difference divided by the initial mass.

2. Karl Fischer Titration

• A chemical method that uses Karl Fischer reagent to react with moisture.
• The reagent changes color as it reacts, indicating the endpoint of the titration.
• The amount of reagent used is proportional to the moisture content.

3. Microwave Drying

• Exposes the sample to microwaves, which rapidly heat and evaporate moisture.
• The moisture content is determined by measuring the mass loss.

4. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)

• Monitors changes in weight as the sample is heated at a controlled rate.
• Moisture loss is identified as a sharp decrease in weight at specific temperatures.

5. Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS)

• Utilizes near-infrared light to excite molecules in the sample.
• The absorption of light at certain wavelengths is used to determine the moisture content.

These methods provide reliable and accurate means of moisture content determination, ensuring the characterization of nanoscale materials with confidence and precision.